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Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory
Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory (OGM) is an inability to retrieve specific memories from one’s autobiographical memory.〔Williams, J. M. G. & Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters. Abnormal Psychology, 95, 144-149.〕 Instead, general memories are recalled, such as repeated events or events occurring over broad periods. For example, when asked to recall a happy event, a person who exhibits OGM may say, “when I was on vacation last month” instead of remembering a single incident, such as, “my high school graduation.”〔Sumner, J. A., Griffith, J. W., & Mineka, S. (2010). Overgeneral autobiographical memory as a predictor of the course of depression: a meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 614-625.〕 Research shows a correlation between OGM and certain mental illnesses, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).〔Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hermans, D., Raes, F., Watkins, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 122-148.〕
== History ==
Research on OGM stemmed from the mood-memory research of the latter 20th century. Initial studies displayed an association between depression and a failure to remember positive events, with the explanation being that the depressed individual had an excess of negative memories.〔 However, in 1986, J. Mark G. Williams and Keith Broadbent examined patterns of autobiographical memory in people who recently attempted suicide.〔 When compared to a healthy control group, the suicidal group displayed a general memory, especially for positively valenced cues.〔 This study contradicted past research by explaining that the bias to remember negative events is not due to an excess of negative memories, but is because of an overgeneral memory.〔 Since this initial study, research on OGM has expanded and has been further implicated in the risk to and maintenance of depression and PTSD 〔〔Moore, S. A. & Zoellner, L. A. (2007). Overgeneral autobiographical memory and traumatic events: an evaluative review. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 419-437.〕
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